OttomanEmpire.info

Year	Sultan	Ottoman Empire
early 1200s		Ertugrul, father of Osman I, was given the lands of Karaca Dag, a mountain near modern day Angora, by by Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I, the Seljuk Sultan of Rum
1281		Osman becomes bey upon his father's death
1299 1301 1326	Osman I 1299-1326	Osman defeats Byzantine force near Nicaea Siege of Bursa starts, death of Osman
1326 1337 1338 1351 1354 1359	Orhan I 1326 - 1359	Orhan takes the title of Sultan Nicomedia is captured by the Ottoman Empire The Turks cross the Dardanelles into Europe for the first time. Turks capture the cities of Kallipolis and Didymoteicho from the Byzantine Empire.		Hundred Years War Begins
1359 1362 1369 1382 1385 1389	Murad I (1359-1389)	The Ottomans capture Philippopolis and Adrianopole Adrianopole made new capital. Turks invade Bulgaria. The Ottomans take Sofia from the Bulgarians. Battle of Savra, Ottoman victory Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottomans: Both Emperor Murad I and the Serbian Prince Lazar are killed in battle		Ming Dynasty Begins
1389 1390 1393 1394 1396 1397 1399 1400 1402	Bajazet or Bayezid I (1389-1403)	The Ottomans take Philadelphia, the last Byzantine enclave of any significance in Anatolia The Ottoman Turks capture Turnovgrad (now Veliko Tarnovo), the capital city of east Bulgaria. Emperor Ivan Shishman is allowed to remain as puppet ruler of east Bulgaria. Byzantium loses Thessaly to the growing Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans begin an eight-year siege of Constantinople in the Byzantine Empire. Battle of Nicopolis: The Ottomans defeat a joint crusade by Hungary, France, the Holy Roman Empire, England and Wallacia, led by King Sigismund of Hungary. This is the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages. The Ottomans capture the Vidin Empire, the only remaining independent Bulgarian state Sultan Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire invades Mamluk-occupied Syria. A rift forms between Sultan Bayezid and Timur of the Timurid Empire, who also wanted to conquer Syria Timur defeats both the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt to capture the city of Damascus in present-day Syria Battle of Ankara: An invading Timurid Dynasty force defeats the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, who is captured. A period of interregnum begin
1402 1404 1413	Ottoman Interregnum 1402 - 1413 Choas in Empire following death of Sultan Bayezid I in 1402 Battles between the sons of Bayezid :Suleyman Celebi, Isa Celeb and Mehmed Celebi	Mehmed Celebi takes Isa Celeb's capital of Bursa Mehmed victor in 1413	Zheng He of China sails through the Indian Ocean
1413 1421	Mehmed I Çeleb 1413–1421
1444 1446	Murad II 1421–44 1446–51	Murad won the Battle of Varna against János Hunyadi but lost the Battle of Jalowaz and was forced to abdicate. Murad becomes Sultan again with janissaries	Gutenberg Press invented Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans
1453 1456 1480	Mehmed II 1444–46 1451–81	Fall of Constantinople Siege of Belgrade Rome captured
1492 1509	Bayezid II 1481–1512	Jews from Spain rescued earthquake in Constantinople	1501-1736 Safavid Empire S a f a v i d E m p i r e I r a n	Columbus discovers New World
1514 1516	Selim I 1512–1520	Battle of Chaldiran, Safavid Empire defeated Battle of Marj Dabiq, Mamluk Sultanate defeated,annexation of Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Muhammad al-Mutawakkil III surrenders title of caliph to Ottomans		The Protestant Reformation begins when Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses in Saxony
1521 1522 1526 1529 1535 1538 1550 1553 1565	Suleiman the Magnificent 1520–1566	Belgrade falls to Ottomans Rhodes captured Battle of Mohács, Ottoman Empire becomes the pre-eminent power in Eastern Europe Siege of Vienna fails Suleiman enters Baghdad,becomes legitimate successor to the Abbasid Caliphs Battle of Preveza, Spanish fleet was defeated by Barbarossa Barbary States of Tripolitania, Tunisia, and Algeria became autonomous provinces work on Süleymaniye Mosque begins Suleiman's son Mustafa executed Siege of Malta fails		Hernán Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of Mexico Mughal Empire, founded by Babur, rules India until 1739 Elizabethan era
1571	Selim II 1566–74	Battle of Lepanto,Ottoman defeat gave the Holy League temporary control over the Mediterranean
	Murad III 1574–95			England repulses the Spanish Armada.
	Mehmed III 1595–1603
1606 1609	Ahmed I 1603–1617	Treaty of Zsitvatorok, tribute paid by Austria was abolished. Georgia and Azerbaijan were ceded to Persia Sultan Ahmed Mosque begun		Jamestown, Virginia, is settled
	Mustafa I 1622–23
1638	Murad IV 1623–40	Baghdad captured
	Ibrahim I 1640–48			1644 Qing Dynasty founded
1658	Mehmed IV 1648–87	most executive power to given to Grand Vizier. visit of English Quaker preacher Mary Fisher
	Suleiman II 1687–91			Glorious Revolution England
1691	Ahmed II 1691–95	Battle of Slankamen, Ottomans driven from Hungry
	Mustafa II 1695–1703
1709	Ahmed III 1703–30	Tulip period, tulip craze among the Ottoman court society. refuge given to Charles XII of Sweden after battle of Poltava
	Mahmud I 1730–54
	Osman III 1754–57
1736 1764	Mustafa III 1757–74	Foreign generals to initiate a reform of the infantry and artillery. The Sultan also ordered the founding of Academies for Mathematics, Navigation and the Sciences. Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774
1736 1764	Mustafa III 1757–74		1754–1763, The French and Indian War
	Abdülhamid I 1774–89		1776: United States Declaration of Independence 1789 French revolution
	Selim III 1789–1807	Assassinated after trying to refom army
	Mustafa IV 1807–08
1812-13 1826 1827 1828 1832-3	Mahmud II 1808–39	Egyptian viceroy Mehmet Ali Pasa reconquers Medina and Mecca Janissary corps was abolished Battle of Navarino, combined fleets of the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire defeat Ottoman fleet Greece wins independence First Turko-Egyptian War	1815 Waterloo
1840 1842 1854-6	Abdülmecid I 1839–61	Convention of London,Muhammad Ali granted hereditary rule over Egypt Dolmabahçe Palace begun Crimean War	1846 Mexican American War 1848 Revolutions in Europe
	Abdülaziz 1861–76	first Ottoman railroad network est	American Civil War 1869 Suez Canal Franco-Prussian War
	Murad V 1876
1877 1908 1909	Abdülhamid II 1876-1909	last Ottoman Sultan to rule with absolute power, use of internal spies, censorship Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, Ottomans give independence to Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro Troops in troops under influence of the Young Turks in Salonica revolt, sultan abdicates sultan's countercoup fails, sultan banished	Sino-JapaneseWar
1912 1912 1914 1914 1914 1914-15 1915-16 1917	Mehmed V 1909–1918	Italo-Turkish War, Ottomans lose Tripolitania, Fezzan, Cyrenaica. (Libya), Rhodes and the Dodecanese archipelago 1912-13 First Balkan War 1912-Macedonia, Albania and most of Thrace taken from Ottomans Aug 2, Ottoman-German Alliance Aug 16, Goeben and Breslau were transferred to the Turkish Navy Nov 11, sultan declares jihad on allies Ottoman defeat by Russians at Sarikam Gallipoli Campaign fails Siege of Kut, 13,000 allied soldiers captured beginning of Armenian massacures Baghdad, Jerusalem captured,Arab Revolt
1920 1922	Mehmed VI 1918–1922	French given a mandate over Syria and the British given one over Palestine and Mesopotamia Nov 1, sultanate abolished

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