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Glossary of Terms
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acemi oglan |
rigorous Janissarie training school |
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agha |
senior offical |
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Adrianople |
capital of Ottoman Empire from 1365-1453 |
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Akçe |
A silver coin, the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire, later replaced by the silver kurus and the gold Lira | |
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Akinci |
Irregular light cavalry |
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bashi-bazouk |
irregular soldiers of the Ottoman army,noted for their lack of discipline,lived off loot | |
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Bektashi |
Dervish sect, closely associated with Janissaries. Banned by Mahmud II in 1826 |
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bey |
chief of tribe |
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beylerbeyi |
provincial administrator |
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bombard |
a large-caliber, front-loading medieval cannon or mortar, used chiefly in sieges for throwing heavy stone balls. |
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Bosporus |
twenty mile strait that divides Istanbul in two |
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boza |
a beer like drink favored by the army |
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Bursa |
city in northwestern Turkey , capital of Ottoman Empire from 1326 to 1365 The mausoleums of early Ottoman sultans here | |
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cadi or Kadi |
judge |
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caliph |
rmeans "successor" or "representative". The early leaders of the Muslim nation following Muhammad's (570632) death were called "Khalifat Rasul Allah", means the political successors to the messenger of God |
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caliphate |
office of the Successor of the Prpphet |
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caravanserai or kervansaray |
fortified caravan stations |
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cubuk |
long,wooden pipe |
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defterdar |
treasurer |
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Dervish |
member of a Sufi religious mystical order |
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Devshirme |
Turkish for 'gathering' levy of boys (usually Christian) from subject peoples |
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Divan |
Sultan's Council of ministers |
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Edine (Adrianople) |
capital of Ottoman Empire from 1365-1453, location of the Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575 |
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esnaf |
guild |
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fatwa |
a religious opinion on Islamic law issued by an Islamic scholar. |
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fez |
A red felt hat. The Ottoman adopted the Fez from the Greeks[ during their conquest of Byzantine Anatolia. Made the national headgear by .Mahmud Khan II. Banned by Mustafa Kemal . |
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firman | royal decree | |
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gedik |
license granted to workmen |
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Ghazi |
Turkomen Muslim holy warriors |
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Grand Vizier |
Sultan's chief minister |
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hafiz |
one who has memorized the Koran |
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hammam |
bath house |
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harem |
from Arabic for forbidden,women of a household or woman's quarters |
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hoja |
teacher |
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iman |
head of local Muslim community, prayer leader |
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imaret |
soup kitchen for poor and students |
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Iznik |
city in northwest Turkey famous for tiles and ceramics |
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jami |
large mosque |
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kaftan |
a man's cotton or silk cloak buttoned down the front, with full sleeves, reaching to the ankles and worn with a sash. |
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kazan |
large copper kettle used by Janissaries, symbolically turned over as sign of revolt |
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Kösk |
kiosk made of wood and clad with metal stones, with multiple stories, mainly used as a summer or winter recreational residence |
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Janissaries |
Turkish: (yeniçeri) meaning "new soldier", elite standing army |
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Jelali revolts |
A series of rebellions in Anatolia against the authority of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries started the leadership of Celâl, an Alevi preacher.The name of the chief rebel was later used by Ottoman histories to define other uprisings of similar nature. | |
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kadi or cadi |
judge |
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kulliye |
complex of charitable and educational institions around a mosque |
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kadi-askers |
judges of the army |
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Kafes |
'The Cage' was a part of the Palace of ( Apartments of the Crown Prince ) Topkapi and later other palaces where possible successors to the throne were kept in isolation until they would become sultan. |
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kanun |
law made by the Sultan |
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Kapudan Pasha |
Admiral-in-Chief |
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karagoz |
puppet shadow theater, named for character |
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fortified caravan stations |
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Konya |
capital of Sultanate of Rûm from 1097 to 1243,has a reputation of being one of the more religiously conservative metropolitan centers in Turkey, source for export of "Turkey carpets" to Europe during the Renaissance.Home of the Mevlevi Sufi order | |
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kufic |
angular style of Islamic script, originating in Kufa, Iraq |
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lonja |
lodge hall of a guild |
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Mahdi |
The ' righteous one' who is supposed to rule before end of the world |
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Malmuks |
a military caste of former slaves who overthrew the Ayyubid dynasty and ruled Egypt from 1250 and continued to rule for the Ottomans after the conquest of Selim I in 1517. |
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medrese |
religious school or college attached to mosque |
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Mevlevi |
a sufi order famous for Whirling Dervishes, followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rum |
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mesjid |
small local mosque |
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millet |
an autonomous self-governing religious community, each organized under its own laws and headed by a religious leader, who was responsible to the central governmen | |
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mihrab |
prayer nicha in a mosque,denotes direction of Mecca |
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minaret |
tower of mosque from which prayer is called |
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minber |
pulpet |
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mufti |
legal scholar of Islam |
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muezzin |
mosque offical who gives prayers |
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nishanji |
secretaries of state |
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nargileh |
water pupe, hookah |
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Nizam-i-Jedid |
'New Order' reforms of Selim III 1789-1807 |
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Nizamis | Ottoman soldiers who replaced the Janissaries | |
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Oghuz Turks |
early group of loosely linked nomadic Turkic peoples |
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pasha |
' Sultan's foot' lord, high political or military leader |
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Padishah |
emperor |
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raya |
peasant |
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Safavid empire |
dynasty in Persia 15011736 |
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sanjak |
province |
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saray |
palace |
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sekbans | irregular troops of musketeers | |
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sebil |
public fountain |
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selamlik |
men's quarters |
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Seljuk |
Turkish dynasty preceeding the Ottomans |
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serasker |
a Vizier who commanded the army |
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sharia |
sacred law of Islam |
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Shia |
sect of Muslims (esp in Iran) who hold that succession to the Prophet passed through the line of his son-in-law Ali |
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sipahis |
cavalry maintained by land grants, timar or ziamat |
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Sögüt |
Ottoman capital from 1299-1325 in northwest Turkey |
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Sublime Ports |
Named for the gate to the headquarters of the Grand Vizier in Topkapi Palace in Istanbul,came to mean the Ottoman foreign office or government |
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Sufism |
mystical form of Islam, a follower is called a Sufi or Dervish |
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sultan |
ruler of the Selkuk and Ottoman Turks 'holder of power' |
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sultana |
female member of sultan's family, mistress |
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Sunni |
majority sect of Muslim who do not hold that succession to the Prophet passed through the line of his son-in-law Ali |
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sword of Osman (Taklide-Seif) |
sword symbolically girded by new Sultan |
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Tanzimat |
Reorganization |
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tekke |
dervish lodge or monastery |
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timar |
military land grants to support the sipahis ( cavalry) |
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Topkapi Palace |
primary residence in the city of the Ottoman Sultans, from 1465 to 1853 |
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Türbe |
tomb or mausolem |
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tughra |
highly stylized calligrahic symbol of the Sultan |
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ulema |
doctors of religious law |
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vizier |
a high-ranking political (and sometimes religious) advisor or minister | |
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voivode |
Hungarian governor |
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waqf |
Endowment to mosque, typically denoting a building or plot of land for Muslim religious or charitable purposes |
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Whirling Dervishes |
followers of a the Mevlevi sufi order famous for Whirling Dervishes, followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rum, who whirl as a form of dhikr (remembrance of God). |
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yataghan |
two and a half foot long sword used by Janissaries |
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ziamet |
large militery fiefs held by officer sipahis |
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